# Trắc nghiệm Kinh tế Vi mô

## Chương 12

1. Unregulated monopolies
A. cannot change the market quantity.
B. can influence the market quantity and price.
C. cannot incorporate.
D. take the market price as given.

Correct: B

2. The following are key features of a monopoly EXCEPT
A. diseconomies of scale.
B. no close substitutes.
C. influence over price.
D. barriers to entry.

Correct: A

3. Which of the following statements about a monopoly is FALSE?
A. A monopoly is the only supplier of the good.
B. Monopolies have no barriers to entry or exit.
C. The good produced by a monopoly has no close substitutes.
D. None of the above; that is, all of the above answers are true statements about a monopoly.

Correct: B

4. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a monopoly?
A. the sole owner of an occupational license
B. a pharmaceutical company with a patent on a drug
C. a store in a large shopping mall
D. the holder of a public franchise

Correct: C

5. A public franchise is
A. an exclusive right granted to an inventor of a product.
B. a government issued license required to practice a profession.
C. a unique source of raw materials.
D. an exclusive right granted to a firm to supply a good or service.

Correct: D

6. Public franchises create monopolies by restricting
A. entry.
B. demand.
C. prices.
D. profit.

Correct: A

7. A patent grants
A. a guarantee of quality to consumers.
B. an exclusive right to an inventor of a product.
C. the right to practice a profession.
D. control over a unique source or supply of raw materials.

Correct: B

8. Patents create monopolies by restricting
A. prices.
B. profit.
C. entry.
D. demand.

Correct: C

9. Patents are ________ barriers to entry and public franchises are ________ barriers to entry.
A. legal; legal
B. legal; natural
C. natural; natural
D. natural; legal

Correct: A

10. A defining characteristic of a natural monopoly is that
A. it exists because of legal barriers to entry.
B. it has no close substitutes.
C. its average total cost curve slopes downward as it intersects the demand curve.
D. its demand curve slopes downward.

Correct: C

11. An industry in which one firm can supply the entire market at a lower price than two or more firms can is called a
A. legal monopoly.
B. single-price monopoly.
C. natural monopoly.
D. price-discriminating monopoly.

Correct: C

12. Which of the following is true of a natural monopoly?
A. The firm can supply the entire market at a lower cost than could two or more firms.
B. Its average total cost curve slopes upward as it intersects the demand curve.
C. The firm is not protected by any barrier to entry.
D. Economies of scale exist to only a very low level of output.

Correct: A

13. A market in which competition and entry are restricted by the granting of a public franchise, government license, patent, or copyright is called a
A. price-discriminating monopoly.
B. single-price monopoly.
C. natural monopoly.
D. legal monopoly.

Correct: D

14. A single-price monopoly charges the same price
A. even if the demand curve shifts.
B. to all customers.
C. even if its cost curves shift.
D. and the price equals the firm’s marginal revenue.

Correct: B

15. All of the following are examples of price discrimination EXCEPT
A. lower ticket prices for matinee performances.
C. “early bird specials” at a restaurant.
D. “buy now, pay later” payment options.

Correct: D

16. Total revenue equals
A. total cost minus profit.
B. price times quantity sold.
C. marginal revenue times quantity sold.
D. the area between the demand curve and the marginal revenue curve.

Correct: B

17. For a monopoly, the industry demand curve is the firm’s
A. profit function.
B. marginal revenue curve.
C. supply curve.
D. demand curve.

Correct: D

18. Monopolists
A. face downward sloping demand curves.
B. are price takers.
C. have no short-run fixed costs.
D. maximize revenue, not profits.

Correct: A

19. The marginal revenue curve for a single-price monopoly
A. lies below its demand curve.
B. is horizontal.
C. lies above its demand curve.
D. coincides with its demand curve.

Correct: A

20. For a single-price monopoly, marginal revenue is ________ when demand is elastic and is ________ when demand is inelastic.
A. negative; positive
B. positive; positive
C. positive; negative
D. negative; negative

Correct: C

21. If the price elasticity of demand is greater than 1, a monopoly’s
A. marginal revenue is zero.
B. total revenue decreases when the firm lowers its price.
C. marginal revenue is negative.
D. total revenue increases when the firm lowers its price.

Correct: D

22. If the price elasticity of demand is less than 1, a monopoly’s
A. marginal revenue is undefined.
B. total revenue decreases when the firm lowers its price.
C. total revenue increases when the firm lowers its price.
D. marginal revenue is zero.

Correct: B

23. If the demand for its product is elastic, a monopoly’s
A. total revenue is unchanged when the firm lowers its price.
B. total revenue decreases when the firm lowers its price.
C. marginal revenue is zero.
D. marginal revenue is positive.

Correct: D

24. If the demand for its product is inelastic, a monopoly’s
A. marginal revenue is negative.
B. total revenue is unchanged when the firm lowers its price.
C. total revenue increases when the firm lowers its price.
D. marginal revenue is equal to zero.

Correct: A

25. A monopoly firm expands its output and lowers its price. The firm finds that its total revenue falls. Hence, the firm is producing in the
A. inelastic range of its supply curve.
B. elastic range of its supply curve.
C. elastic range of its demand curve.
D. inelastic range of its demand curve.

Correct: D

26. The figure above shows a monopoly firm’s demand curve. If the price and quantity of haircuts move from point t to point r, the monopoly’s
A. marginal revenue will decrease.
B. total revenue will fall.
C. total revenue will remain the same.
D. total revenue will rise.

Correct: B

27. The figure above shows a monopoly firm’s demand curve. If the price and quantity of haircuts move from point t to point u, the monopoly’s
A. total revenue will remain the same.
B. total revenue will fall.
C. marginal revenue will increase.
D. total revenue will rise.

Correct: B

28. The figure above shows a monopoly firm’s demand curve. At point t
A. demand is inelastic.
B. demand is elastic.
C. demand is unit elastic.
D. total revenue is at a minimum.

Correct: C

29. The figure above shows a monopoly firm’s demand curve. The monopoly’s total revenue is at its maximum when the firm produces at point
A. t.
B. u.
C. x.
D. r.

Correct: A

30. The figure above shows a monopoly firm’s demand curve. The monopoly’s total revenue is zero at point
A. x.
B. t.
C. u.
D. r.

Correct: A

31. The figure above shows a monopoly firm’s demand curve. At point u in the figure, the demand facing the monopoly is
A. less than the supply.
B. inelastic.
C. unit elastic.
D. elastic.

Correct: B

32) An unregulated monopoly will
A. produce in the elastic range of its demand curve.
B. flood the market with goods to deter entry.
C. produce only where marginal revenue is zero.
D. produce in the inelastic range of its demand curve.

Correct: A

33) An unregulated monopoly finds that its marginal cost exceeds its marginal revenue. In order to increase its profit, the firm will
A. lower its price and increase its output.
B. raise its price and increase its output.
C. raise its price and decrease its output.
D. continue to produce this level of output because any change will lower its profit.

Correct: C

34) The figure above shows a monopoly’s total revenue and total cost curves. The monopoly’s economic profit is positive if it produces between
A. 0 and 20 units.
B. 5 and 20 units.
C. 0 and 15 units.
D. 0 and 5 units.

Correct: B

35) The figure above shows a monopoly’s total revenue and total cost curves. The monopoly’s economic profit is zero if it produces
A. 15 units of output.
B. 5 or 20 units of output.
C. 0 units of output.
D. none of the above

Correct: B

36) The figure above shows a monopoly’s total revenue and total cost curves. The monopoly’s economic profit is maximized when it produces
A. 5 units of output.
B. 20 units of output.
C. 0 units of output.
D. 15 units of output.

Correct: D

37) The figure above shows a monopoly’s total revenue and total cost curves. The monopoly’s marginal revenue equals its marginal cost when it produces
A. 5 units of output.
B. 15 units of output.
C. 20 units of output.
D. 0 units of output.

Correct: B

38) The monopoly with the TR and TC curves shown in the figure above will produce
A. 5 units of output.
B. 20 units of output.
C. 15 units of output.
D. 0 units of output.

Correct: C

39) For the unregulated, single-price monopoly shown in the figure above, when its profit is maximized, output will be
A. 4 units per year and the price will be $6. B. 6 units per year and the price will be$4.
C. 4 units per year and the price will be $4. D. None of the above answers is correct. Correct: A 40) The unregulated, single-price monopoly shown in the figure above will produce where its demand A. equals its ATC curve. B. is inelastic. C. is elastic. D. equals its MC curve. Correct: C 41) The unregulated, single-price monopoly shown in the figure above has a total economic profit of A.$4.
B. $16. C.$24.
D. $8. Correct: D 42. The unregulated, single-price monopoly shown in the figure above will sell A. 50 tickets. B. 30 tickets. C. less than 30 tickets. D. 100 tickets. Correct: B 43. An unregulated, single-price monopoly is shown in the figure above. If fixed cost is$20, the monopoly’s total costs when it is maximizing its profit will be
A. $30. B.$40.
C. $140. D.$80

Correct: D

44. An unregulated, single-price monopoly is shown in the figure above. If fixed cost is $20, the monopoly’s total economic profit when it is maximizing its profit will be A.$0.
B. $50. C. negative. D.$25.

Correct: D

45. The monopoly illustrated in the figure above is unregulated and charges a single price. The deadweight loss created by the monopoly is
A. $90.00. B.$0.
C. $22.50. D.$45.00.

Correct: C

46. Unregulated monopolies can often earn an economic profit in the long run because
A. they have high costs.
B. barriers to entry prevent competing firms from entering the market.
D. the risks of running a monopoly are high.

Correct: B

47. Compared to a single-price monopoly, a perfectly competitive industry produces
A. more output and has a higher price.
B. more output and has a lower price.
C. less output and has a higher price.
D. less output and has a lower price.

Correct: B

48) Which of the following statements is true?
A. A perfectly competitive industry produces more output and charges the same price as a single-price monopoly.
B. A perfectly competitive industry produces less output but charges a lower price than a single-price monopoly.
C. A perfectly competitive industry produces less output and charges the same price as a single-price monopoly.
D. A perfectly competitive industry produces more output and charges a lower price than a single-price monopoly.

Correct: D

49) The fundamental reason a single-price monopoly creates a deadweight loss is that it
A. restricts output.
B. raises variable cost.
C. raises fixed cost.
D. reduces the elasticity of demand.

Correct: A

50) The unregulated, single-price monopolist illustrated in the figure above has a total revenue of
A. $8.00 per day. B.$36.00 per day.
C. $16.00 per day. D.$40.00 per day.

Correct: D

51) The unregulated, single-price monopolist illustrated in the figure above has a total cost of
A. $16.00 per day. B.$40.00 per day.
C. $32.00 per day. D.$8.00 per day.

Correct: C

52) The unregulated, single-price monopolist illustrated in the figure above earns an economic profit of
A. $8.00 per day. B. zero. C.$10.00 per day.
D. $40.00 per day. Correct: A 53) The unregulated, single-price monopolist illustrated in the figure above will produce A. 6 units per day. B. 9 units per day. C. 0 units per day. D. 4 units per day. Correct: D 54) In the figure above, compared to a perfectly competitive industry with the same costs, a single-price, unregulated monopoly will decrease production by A. 2 units per day. B. 4 units per day. C. 6 units per day. D. zero. Correct: A 55) The unregulated, single-price monopolist illustrated in the figure above will set a price of A.$6.00 per unit.
B. $8.00 per unit. C.$10.00 per unit.
D. $2.00 per unit. Correct: C 56) In the figure above, compared to a perfectly competitive industry with the same costs, a single-price, unregulated monopoly will raise the price by A.$8.00 per unit.
B. $6.00 per unit. C.$4.00 per unit.
D. $2.00 per unit. Correct: C 57) In the figure above, the deadweight loss created if the industry changes from perfectly competitive to a single-price, unregulated monopoly is A. zero. B.$36.00 per day.
C. $8.00 per day. D.$24.00 per day.

Correct: C

58) In the figure above, the redistribution from the consumers to the producer if the firm is a single-price, unregulated monopoly rather than a perfectly competitive industry is
A. $16.00 per day. B.$32.00 per day.
C. $8.00 per day. D. zero. Correct: A 59) In the figure above, the single-price, unregulated monopoly produces A. less than 20 units per day. B. 40 or more units per day. C. 20 units per day. D. between 20 and 40 units per day. Correct: C 60) If the industry in the above figure was perfectly competitive, the level of output would A. exceed the single-price monopoly level of output by 20 units. B. be less than the single-price monopoly level of output. C. be the same as the single-price monopoly level of output. D. exceed the single-price monopoly level of output by 60 units. Correct: A 61. In the figure above, the efficient amount of output is A. 40 units. B. 60 units. C. 20 units. D. 80 units. Correct: A 62. The output produced by the single-price, unregulated monopoly in the above figure is A. efficient because marginal costs equals marginal revenue. B. efficient because profit is maximized. C. inefficient because too little is produced. D. inefficient because too much is produced. Correct: C 63. In the figure above, the single-price, unregulated monopoly sets a price of A.$40 per unit.
B. $60 per unit. C.$80 per unit.
D. $0 per unit. Correct: B 64. Consumer surplus is A. equal to the price minus the marginal cost. B. less in the case of a single-price monopoly than in the case of a perfectly competitive industry. C. zero for a single-price monopolist. D. positive in the case of a monopolist practicing perfect price discrimination. Correct: B 65. In comparison with a perfect competition, a single-price monopolist with the same costs A. generates a larger consumer surplus and a larger economic profit. B. generates a smaller consumer surplus but a larger economic profit. C. generates a larger consumer surplus and a smaller economic profit. D. generates a smaller consumer surplus and a smaller economic profit. Correct: B 66. Compared to a competitive industry, a monopoly transfers A. consumer surplus to producers. B. producer surplus to consumers. C. deadweight loss away from producers to consumers. D. deadweight loss away from consumers to producers. Correct: A 67. Any attempt to capture a consumer surplus, a producer surplus, or an economic profit is called A. efficiency gain. B. profit-maximizing. C. rent-seeking. D. price discriminating. Correct: C 68. Efforts by a firm to obtain a monopoly A. are called price taking. B. are called price discrimination. C. raise consumer surplus. D. are called rent seeking. Correct: D 69. Activity aimed at creating artificial barriers to entry to a particular market A. improves competition. B. is rent seeking. C. has no social cost. D. improves the economy’s efficiency. Correct: B 70. Rent seeking is devoted to the creation of A. more elastic demand. B. monopolies. C. human capital. D. competitive industries. Correct: B 71. Rent seeking through lobbying A. results in perfectly competitive industries. B. uses up resources. C. results in perfect price discrimination. D. reduces deadweight loss. Correct: B 72. The value of resources devoted to rent seeking will A. reduce consumer surplus. B. equal the monopoly’s economic profits. C. raise output to an efficient level. D. reduce deadweight loss. Correct: B 73. Price discrimination A. is more likely for services than for goods that can be stored. B. is common in perfectly competitive markets. C. is illegal because it always violates antitrust laws. D. works only if all groups of demanders have the same price elasticity of demand for the product. Correct: A 74. A price discriminating monopolist charges lower prices to customers with A. higher average willingness-to-pay. B. lower average willingness-to-pay. C. lower supply elasticities. D. higher supply elasticities. Correct: B 75. Monopolists are able to practice price discrimination because A. they have constant marginal cost. B. of differing price elasticities of supply. C. they have constant average cost. D. of differing average willingness-to-pay among consumers. Correct: D 76. The more perfectly a monopoly can price discriminate, the A. smaller its output and the higher its profits. B. larger its output and the higher its profits. C. larger its output and the lower its profits. D. smaller its output and the lower its profits. Correct: B 77. Which of the following occurs with both perfectly price discriminating and single-price monopolies? A. The level of output is inefficient. B. Deadweight loss is created. C. There is a redistribution of consumer surplus to the monopoly. D. All consumer surplus goes to the monopoly. Correct: C 78. In the case of a perfectly price-discriminating monopoly, there is no A. transfer of consumer surplus to the producer. B. deadweight loss. C. long-run economic profit. D. short-run economic profit. Correct: B 79. Using the demand schedule in the above table, if the firm’s marginal cost is constant at$3.00, output for a perfect price discriminating monopolist is
A. 2 units.
B. 4 units.
C. 5 units.
D. 3 units.

Correct: C

80. Using the demand schedule in the above table, the marginal revenue for the perfectly price discriminating monopolist from the sale of the third unit of output is
A. $6. B.$5.
C. $4. D.$3.

Correct: B

81. Using the demand schedule in the table above, the total revenue a perfectly price discriminating monopolist receives from selling 5 units of output is
A. $18. B.$5.
C. $15. D.$25

Correct: D

82) If the monopoly illustrated in the figure above could engage in perfect price discrimination, then each buyer would pay
A. $2.00. B.$3.50.
C. $3.00. D. a different price. Correct: D 83) If the monopoly illustrated in the figure above could engage in perfect price discrimination, then the lowest ticket price would be A.$3.50.
B. $3.00. C.$1.00.
D. $2.00. Correct: D 84) If the monopoly illustrated in the figure above could engage in perfect price discrimination, then it would sell A. 60 tickets. B. 50 tickets. C. 30 tickets. D. 100 tickets. Correct: A 85) If the monopoly illustrated in the figure above could engage in perfect price discrimination, then total revenue collected by the firm would be A.$110.
B. $210. C.$120.
D. $310. Correct: B 86) In the figure above, what is the loss of consumer surplus if the firm is a perfectly price-discriminating monopoly instead of a perfectly competitive industry? A.$22.50
B. $90.00 C.$0
D. $45.00 Correct: B 87) If the monopoly illustrated in the figure above could engage in perfect price discrimination, the deadweight loss would be A.$22.50.
B. $250.00. C.$0.
D. $90.00. Correct: C 88) In the figure above, the elasticity of demand facing the monopoly equals one when it produces ________ output. A. k B. h C. j D. none of the above Correct: A 89) In the figure above, a single-price unregulated monopoly will set price A. a. B. b. C. c. D. d. Correct: B 90. In the figure above, a single-price unregulated monopoly will produce at output A. k. B. j. C. h. D. none of the above Correct: C 91. In the figure above, the transfer of consumer surplus from consumers to the producer caused by production under a single-price monopoly instead of perfect competition is the area of A. trapezoid beic. B. rectangle begd. C. rectangle befc. D. triangle abe. Correct: C 92. In the figure above, consumer surplus at the price that maximizes the profit for an unregulated, single-price monopolist is the area of A. triangle eig. B. triangle abe. C. rectangle 0hgd. D. rectangle 0heb. Correct: B 93. In the figure above, the deadweight loss from production under a single-price monopoly instead of perfect competition is the area of A. triangle aic. B. triangle aeb. C. triangle eig. D. triangle eif. Correct: C 94. In the figure above, a perfectly price-discriminating monopoly will maximize profit by producing at output A. h. B. k. C. j. D. none of the above Correct: C 95. In the figure above, the total revenue of a perfectly price-discriminating monopolist at the profit-maximizing output is equal to the area of A. 0dgh. B. 0beij. C. aci. D. 0aij. Correct: D 96. When an increase in a firm’s output of a good or service brings a decrease in the average total cost of producing it, the firm is experiencing A. diseconomies of scale. B. economies of scale. C. economies of scope. D. diminishing returns. Correct: B 97. Economies of scope arise when A. an increase in output causes average total cost to fall. B. doubling inputs causes output to more than double. C. high profit allows a company to undertake research and development. D. an increase in the range of goods produced causes average total cost to fall. Correct: D 98. When an increase in the range of goods produced brings a decrease in the average total cost of production, the firm is experiencing A. diminishing returns. B. economies of scale. C. economies of scope. D. diseconomies of scale. Correct: C 99. Which of the following is NOT a possible gain to society from a monopoly? A. The monopoly may induce innovation. B. The monopoly may achieve economies of scope. C. The monopoly may create rent seeking. D. The monopoly may achieve economies of scale. Correct: C 100. Which of the following statements regarding a marginal-cost pricing rule is incorrect? A. It is efficient. B. It allows the firm to earn a normal profit. C. It maximizes total surplus in a regulated industry. D. It sets price equal to marginal cost. Correct: B 101. Which of the following statements regarding average-cost pricing rule is incorrect? A. The firm earns a normal profit. B. It is efficient. C. More output is produced than if the firm maximized profit. D. It sets price equal to average total cost. Correct: B 102. In a small town, Marilyn’s Christmas Tree Lot has a monopoly on sales of Christmas trees. In order to increase her sales from 100 trees to 101 trees, she must drop the price of all of her trees from$20 to $19. What is the marginal revenue? A.$20
B. $19 C. negative$81
D. $2000 Correct: C 103. A single-price monopoly A. eliminates all the consumer surplus. B. charges all consumers the lowest price that they want to pay for each unit purchased. C. produces less output than it would if it could discriminate. D. creates a smaller deadweight loss than it would if it could discriminate. Correct: C 104. Because of a decrease in labor costs, a monopoly finds that its marginal cost and average total cost have decreased. The monopoly will A. raise its price and decrease the quantity it produces. B. raise its price and increase the quantity it produces. C. lower its price and increase the quantity it produces. D. lower its price and decrease the quantity it produces. Correct: C 105. If a monopoly is producing at an output level at which marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost, in order to increase its profit it will A. raise its price and decrease its output. B. lower its price and increase its output. C. raise its price and increase its output. D. lower its price and decrease its output. Correct: B 106. Compared to a single-price monopoly, the output of a perfectly competitive industry with the same costs A. is more than the monopoly’s output. B. is less than the monopoly’s output. C. could be more than, less than, or equal to the monopoly’s output. D. is the same as the monopoly’s output. Correct: A 107. Compared to a single-price monopoly, the price charged by a competitive industry with the same costs A. could be higher than, lower than, or the same as the monopoly’s price. B. is higher than the monopoly’s price. C. is the same as the monopoly’s price. D. is lower than the monopoly’s price. Correct: D 108. If a perfectly competitive industry becomes a monopoly and the costs do not change, which of the following allocation of costs and benefits applies? A. The producer and society benefit, but consumers are harmed. B. The producer and society are harmed, but consumers benefit. C. The producer is harmed, but consumers and society benefit. D. The producer benefits, but consumers and society are harmed. Correct: D 109. Consumer surplus is largest for A. a single-price monopoly. B. a perfectly competitive industry. C. any price-discriminating monopoly. D. a perfectly price-discriminating monopoly. Correct: B 110. Which of the following may be a gain to society from monopoly? A. Monopolies may be able to generate economies of scale. B. Monopolies may earn an economic profit in the long run. C. Monopolies may be able to price discriminate, thereby boosting consumer surplus. D. Monopolists do not waste resources trying to innovate. Correct: A 111) La Bella Pizza is the only pizza place on Pepper Island. The figure above shows La Bella Pizza’s demand curve, marginal revenue curve, and marginal cost curve. At La Bella Pizza’s profit-maximizing output, its annual total revenue is A.$312,000.
B. $624,000. C.$168,000.
D. $336,000. Correct: A 112) The figure above shows the demand curve facing Sue’s Surfboards, the sole renter of surfboards on Big Wave Island. Sue’s Surfboards currently rents 15 surfboards an hour. Sue’s total revenue from the 15 surfboards is A.$10.
B. $225. C.$300.
D. $150. Correct: D 113) Sue’s Surfboards is the sole renter of surfboards on Big Wave Island. Sue’s demand and marginal revenue curves are illustrated in the figure above. The change in the total revenue from renting the 15th surfboard is A.$20.
B. $0. C.$10.
D. $15. Correct: B 114) The figure above shows the demand and marginal revenue curves facing Sue’s Surfboards, the sole renter of surfboards on Big Wave Island. If Sue is renting 25 surfboards an hour so that the marginal revenue is negative, then Sue’s Surfboards A. must face a unit elastic demand for surfboard rentals. B. can increase its profit by increasing the number of rentals. C. must face an elastic demand for surfboard rentals. D. must face an inelastic demand for surfboard rentals. Correct: D 115) Bob’s Books is the only bookstore in town. The figure above shows the demand curve for books and Bob’s Books’ marginal revenue curve and marginal cost curve. Bob’s Books maximizes its profit and sets the price of a book equal to ________ and has total annual revenue of ________. A.$20, $60,000 B.$30; $60,000 C.$10; $40,000 D.$40; \$40,000

Correct: B

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